How to Change Text Case: Upper, Lower, Title, camelCase and More
By Tools Star Hub Editorial Team · Published
Quick answer: to change text case, paste the text into the Case Converter, choose one of the eight modes, and copy the result. UPPERCASE and lowercase change every letter. Title Case capitalizes the first letter of every word. Sentence case capitalizes the first letter after each full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case and kebab-case join the words for code, file names and URLs.
Retyping a heading that was written in capitals, or a column of names exported in lowercase, is slow and error-prone. Converting case automatically keeps the spelling exactly as it was and only changes the letters’ case, or, for the programming styles, the separators between words. It is useful for writers fixing headlines, for students formatting references, and for developers naming variables and files.
What is letter case and why does it matter?
Letter case is the difference between capital letters, called uppercase, and small letters, called lowercase. English and many other languages written in Latin, Greek or Cyrillic scripts have both. Scripts such as Arabic, Urdu, Chinese and Hindi have no case, so a case converter leaves those characters as they are.
Case carries meaning. A capital marks the start of a sentence or a proper noun. Text written entirely in capitals reads as shouting in messages and is harder to read in long passages. In programming, case is part of the name itself: userName and username can be two different variables.
What does each case style look like?
The tool offers eight modes. The table shows what each one does to the same input, “the quick brown fox jumps. over the lazy dog”.
| Mode | Result | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| UPPERCASE | THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS. OVER THE LAZY DOG | Short labels, acronyms, warnings |
| lowercase | the quick brown fox jumps. over the lazy dog | Normalizing data, tags, emails |
| Title Case | The Quick Brown Fox Jumps. Over The Lazy Dog | Headings that capitalize every word |
| Sentence case | The quick brown fox jumps. Over the lazy dog | Body text, captions, UI labels |
| camelCase | theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog | JavaScript and Java variables |
| PascalCase | TheQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog | Class and component names |
| snake_case | the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog | Python names, database columns |
| kebab-case | the-quick-brown-fox-jumps-over-the-lazy-dog | CSS classes, file names, URLs |
The four programming styles drop punctuation and spaces, keep letters and digits, and remove accent marks, so “Café menu” becomes cafeMenu or cafe_menu. The four writing styles keep punctuation, spacing and line breaks exactly as you pasted them.
Does Title Case follow AP, APA or Chicago style?
No. The tool’s Title Case capitalizes the first letter of every word, including short words such as a, of, the and in. Style guides differ on those small words. Many keep articles, short prepositions and coordinating conjunctions in lowercase unless they start the title, and the exact list differs between guides.
Treat the converter’s Title Case as a fast first pass. Convert, then lowercase the small words your style guide requires. “A Guide To The Best Of The Lake District” usually becomes “A Guide to the Best of the Lake District” after that edit.
Title Case also lowercases the rest of each word before capitalizing the first letter. That means brand names with internal capitals, such as iPhone or YouTube, come out as Iphone and Youtube, and acronyms such as NASA become Nasa. Fix those by hand afterwards.
What does Sentence case change, and what does it miss?
Sentence case first lowercases everything, then capitalizes the first letter of the text and the first letter after a full stop, question mark, exclamation mark or ellipsis followed by a space. That is enough to rescue a paragraph typed with Caps Lock on.
It cannot know which words are names. London, Monday, Ali and English all become lowercase unless they start a sentence, and the pronoun I becomes i. Abbreviations with full stops, such as “Dr. smith” or “e.g. this”, can also trigger an unwanted capital on the next word. Read the result once and restore proper nouns.
When should I use camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case or kebab-case?
Follow the convention of the language or project you are working in. JavaScript and Java commonly use camelCase for variables and functions and PascalCase for classes and React components. Python’s style guide uses snake_case for functions and variables. CSS class names, HTML attributes and many URL paths use kebab-case, because hyphens are easy to read and are not treated as minus signs there.
The converter splits words on anything that is not a letter or a digit. Spaces, hyphens, underscores, dots and slashes all count as boundaries. It does not split an existing camelCase word, so “userName” stays one word and becomes username in snake_case, not user_name. If you are converting between programming styles, start from words separated by spaces.
How do I change case in Word, Google Docs or Excel?
Most editors have a built-in option. In Microsoft Word on Windows, select text and press Shift+F3 to cycle through lowercase, UPPERCASE and capitalized words. Google Docs has Format, Text, Capitalization. Spreadsheets use functions: UPPER, LOWER and PROPER in both Excel and Google Sheets, where PROPER capitalizes each word like Title Case here.
An online converter is useful when the text is not in one of those programs, such as a code editor, a CMS field, a chat message or a CSV value, or when you need the developer styles. None of the office apps above produce camelCase or kebab-case directly.
How to convert text case online
- Paste or type your text. Put the text in the Text box. Line breaks and paragraph spacing are kept for the four writing styles. The character and word counts update as you type.
- Choose a case. Select UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case or kebab-case. The result box updates straight away and its label shows the mode you picked.
- Check names and small words. For Title Case and Sentence case, scan for proper nouns, acronyms and brand names that need restoring, and for the small words your style guide keeps lowercase.
- Copy the result. Use the Copy button and paste the text where you need it. The original stays in the input box, so you can switch modes and copy again.
Example
Fixing a heading typed in capitals
Input: HOW TO PLAN A WEEKEND IN LAHORE. Sentence case gives “How to plan a weekend in lahore”. Change lahore to Lahore and the heading is ready.
Turning a label into a variable name
Input: total order value. camelCase gives totalOrderValue, PascalCase gives TotalOrderValue, snake_case gives total_order_value, and kebab-case gives total-order-value.
Cleaning a list of tags
A list of tags such as Travel, TRAVEL and travel can be lowercased in one pass, then deduplicated with the Duplicate Line Remover so only one travel is left.
Tips and limitations
Locale rules
Case changes use general English rules. Languages with special case pairs, such as Turkish dotted and dotless i, may need a manual check.
Accents in code styles
The programming modes strip accent marks, which is usually what you want for identifiers. The writing modes keep them, so résumé stays résumé in lowercase.
Text stays on your device
Conversion happens in your browser as you type. Nothing is uploaded or saved, so close the tab when you are done with private text.
FAQ
- How do I change text from all caps to normal?
- Paste the text and choose Sentence case. It lowercases everything and capitalizes the start of each sentence. Restore any names afterwards.
- Why did my brand name lose its capital letters in Title Case?
- Title Case lowercases each word before capitalizing the first letter, so iPhone becomes Iphone and NASA becomes Nasa. Edit those words by hand.
- Does the converter keep my line breaks?
- Yes for UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case and Sentence case. The programming styles join all words into one identifier, so line breaks are removed.
- Can it turn camelCase into snake_case?
- Only if the words are separated first. An existing camelCase word is treated as one word, so add spaces between the parts before converting.
- What happens to numbers and punctuation?
- Digits are kept in every mode. Punctuation is kept in the writing styles and removed in the programming styles, where it becomes a word boundary.
- Is kebab-case good for URLs?
- It is the common style for readable URL paths. For a full permalink with accents removed and edges trimmed, the Slug Generator is built for that job.
- Does Sentence case capitalize the word I?
- No. It only capitalizes the first letter of each sentence, so a standalone i in the middle of a sentence stays lowercase.
- Can I convert text in languages other than English?
- Letters in scripts that have case, such as Greek or Cyrillic, are converted. Scripts without case, such as Arabic or Chinese, pass through unchanged.
- Is there a limit on how much text I can convert?
- There is no set limit in the tool, but very long documents depend on your browser’s memory and may feel slower to update.
- What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?
- Both join words with capitals. camelCase starts with a lowercase letter, as in orderTotal, and PascalCase starts with a capital, as in OrderTotal.
- How do I convert a paragraph to sentence case cleanly?
- Paste the text, choose Sentence case, then fix proper nouns the converter cannot know.
- When should I use Title Case versus sentence case?
- Title Case fits headlines and book titles; sentence case fits ordinary body sentences.
- How do I turn a phrase into kebab-case for a slug?
- Choose kebab-case or lowercase-with-hyphens so spaces become hyphens and letters go lowercase.
- Will ALL CAPS pasted from a PDF normalize?
- Yes—run lower case or sentence case, then restore acronyms that should stay uppercase.
- Can I convert programming identifiers between cases?
- Use camelCase, PascalCase, or snake_case modes when offered; verify reserved words afterward.
- Do emoji and symbols change in case conversion?
- They stay as-is; only alphabetic characters shift case.
- How should I handle brand names like iPhone?
- Re-apply the official capitalization after bulk conversion.
- Is there a risk converting code comments in bulk?
- Yes—identifiers inside comments might change; convert prose separately from code.
- Can I keep intentional mid-word capitals?
- Most converters will alter them; protect those tokens before running Title Case.
- Does line-wrapping in the editor mean case changed?
- No—wrapping is display only; check the actual characters after conversion.
Switch between all eight styles with the free Case Converter. It runs in your browser and keeps your original text in place.
To turn a title into a clean URL path, use the Slug Generator.
To swap a word everywhere in a document, try Find and Replace.